THE IMPORTANCE OF ACID DOCOSAHEXAENOIC (DHA) IN PREGNANCY AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Palavras-chave:
Pregnancy, Lactation, Childhood, Omega-3 fatty acids, DHAResumo
Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, especialmente o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), são essenciais não só para o desenvolvimento neurológico quanto para a função visual da criança. A maior necessidade e DHA ocorre durante o desenvolvimento intrauterino e nos primeiros dois anos de vida. A mãe é um fator determinante na oferta desses ácidos graxos para a criança, pois a mesma não tem capacidade de elongação e dessaturação dos ácidos graxos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão da literatura a partir da seleção de artigos publicados em revistas científicas indexadas em bases de dados como PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico, focada em publicações relacionadas os temas ácidos graxos ômega-3, DHA, gestação e lactação, publicados nos últimos anos. Os estudos indicam que, independentemente da dieta, toda gestante deve receber suplemento diário de DHA, preferencialmente obtido industrialmente através de algas, evitando-se o risco de contaminação por metais pesados. Na ausência de leite materno, pode produzir carência deste nutriente por parte do recém-nascido como também transtornos, principalmente no desenvolvimento visual e cognitivo.
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